Assessment of Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice in the Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Cross-Sectional Study in Al-Mukalla hospitals, Yemen

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction that 
requires rapid recognition and coordinated critical care nursing. The study evaluates intensive care unit 
(ICU) nurses’ knowledge and observed clinical practice in the management of CS in hospitals in Al 
Mukalla, Yemen. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2023 across 
six hospitals, involving a convenience sample of 200 ICU nurses who completed a 24-item knowledge 
questionnaire and were observed using a seven-step practice checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 
version 20, with Chi-square and ANOVA tests applied at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results 
showed that 60% of nurses achieved a satisfactory knowledge score, while 84% demonstrated adequate 
observed practice. Knowledge was significantly associated with education level (p = 0.007), whereas 
practice was associated with education level (p = 0.009), years of experience (p = 0.001), and prior 
training (p = 0.036). The linear association between total knowledge and practice scores was weak (R² = 
0.016). Overall, ICU nurses demonstrated strong practical competencies; however, gaps in theoretical 
knowledge, particularly regarding CS management, were identified. These findings highlight the need 
for targeted continuing education programs and standardized clinical protocols to enhance evidence
based care for patients with cardiogenic shock.